India, the world’s largest democracy, has in recent years witnessed a significant transformation in political campaigning, particularly following the advent of digital media. Since 2014, there has been a noticeable surge in the use of social media for electoral campaigning and its appeal has continued to grow.
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Popular uprisings, protests and unconstitutional regime changes are common characteristics of political change and political life in Africa. The decade 2011–2021 has seen a wave of popular uprisings slamming against the bedrock of long-established autocratic regimes.
India faces extremely high exposure to ecological threats and, therefore, it is important to consider the effects of natural hazards on electoral processes in the country. This case study explores adaptive measures adopted by the Electoral Commission of India (ECI) to safeguard the electoral process from natural hazards on the subnational and national levels.
The G5 Sahel countries (Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Chad) will organize elections in 2020 and 2021.
These elections will take place in a context in which all are facing serious humanitarian and security challenges, aggravated by the fragility of their institutions. The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and its socio-economic impacts worsen the situation and even raise questions about the possibility to organize elections in so volatile an environment.